It has been suggested that female sex hormones influence the development and growth of brain tumors, particularly meningiomas. Numerous environmental agents have been implicated as possible causal factors, but no consistent evidence has been shown. Aside from extremely rare genetic conditions, such as neurofibromatosis and tuberous sclerosis ( 2, 3), the only unequivocally identified risk factor is exposure to ionizing radiation ( 4– 6), and this explains only a very small fraction of cases. The etiology of these tumors is mainly unknown. The two most common types are gliomas and meningiomas ( 1). Primary brain tumors are a heterogeneous group of tumors which vary by the tissue of origin. The findings suggest that the use of female sex steroids may increase the risk of meningioma.ĬI, confidence interval, ICD-10, International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, ICD-O-2, International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, Second Edition Hormone usage was not associated with glioma risk in this study. Women who had used long-acting hormonal contraceptives (subdermal implants, injections, or hormonal intrauterine devices) had an increased risk of meningioma the odds ratio for at least 10 years of use was 2.7 (95% confidence interval: 0.9, 7.5). An increased relative risk of meningioma was found among postmenopausal women for ever use of hormone replacement therapy, with an odds ratio of 1.7 (95% confidence interval: 1.0, 2.8). Data were analyzed using unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for age, residential area, education, and parity. Detailed information on hormone usage, including use of hormonal contraceptives, hormonal treatment for gynecologic problems, and hormone replacement therapy, was collected from 178 meningioma cases, 115 glioma cases, and 323 controls. Controls were randomly selected from the study base. In a population-based case-control study, the authors identified all women aged 20–69 years who had been diagnosed with meningioma or glioma during 2000–2002 in four regions of Sweden. Prior observations have implicated gender-specific hormones in the pathogenesis of these tumors. The etiology of brain tumors is largely unknown.
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